{"id":1173,"date":"2011-11-29T10:48:14","date_gmt":"2011-11-29T15:48:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dev2.elizabethmaymp.ca\/?p=1173"},"modified":"2015-04-13T11:53:49","modified_gmt":"2015-04-13T15:53:49","slug":"part-1-the-green-economy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elizabethmaymp.ca\/fr\/part-1-the-green-economy\/","title":{"rendered":"Premi\u00e8re partie : L\u2019\u00e9conomie verte"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\n

Les principes d\u2019une \u00e9conomie verte sont pragmatiques. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019influence de partis verts un peu partout dans le monde, ces principes fondamentaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 test\u00e9s et fonctionnent.<\/p>\n

La vision selon laquelle il n\u2019y a pas de contradiction entre environnement et \u00e9conomie est centrale dans les politiques du Parti vert.<\/p>\n

Une \u00e9conomie sens\u00e9e est une \u00e9conomie r\u00e9siliente. Une \u00e9conomie sens\u00e9e est diversifi\u00e9e, moins vuln\u00e9rable aux changements internationaux. Une \u00e9conomie sens\u00e9e enrichit les cha\u00eenes de valeurs localis\u00e9es, ce qui augmente la production de biens et fait travailler un plus grand nombre de Canadiens et de Canadiennes. Selon de nombreuses \u00e9tudes, notamment les travaux de Michael E.\u00a0Porter \u00e0 Harvard, plus les normes et la r\u00e9glementation environnementales sont ambitieuses, plus comp\u00e9titive et productive est l\u2019\u00e9conomie.<\/p>\n

La plupart des Canadiennes et des Canadiens jouissent d\u2019une qualit\u00e9 de vie parmi les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es au monde. Nous avons la chance d\u2019avoir des ressources abondantes, une main-d’\u0153uvre qualifi\u00e9e et instruite, et une culture organisationnelle fortement innovante.<\/p>\n

M\u00eame si le syst\u00e8me bancaire r\u00e9glement\u00e9 nous a permis de traverser la crise financi\u00e8re de 2008 beaucoup mieux que de nombreux pays, nos indicateurs \u00e9conomiques sont stables. La situation de l\u2019emploi au pays est relativement stagnante. Et le taux de ch\u00f4mage chez les jeunes – tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9occupant – est le double du taux national.<\/p>\n

Nous avons un s\u00e9rieux probl\u00e8me de manque de productivit\u00e9. La productivit\u00e9 est une mesure d\u2019innovation et d\u2019investissement en recherche et d\u00e9veloppement. Nous sommes tr\u00e8s en retard par rapport aux \u00c9tats-Unis pour la premi\u00e8re fois depuis que la productivit\u00e9 est mesur\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Depuis les ann\u00e9es 1970, notre \u00e9conomie a connu une transition d\u2019exportations de biens transform\u00e9s (en majorit\u00e9) \u00e0 des exportations de ressources brutes non transform\u00e9es (en majorit\u00e9). Depuis cette transition, nous avons perdu des emplois dans la transformation de biens \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 valeur ajout\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb, et sommes devenus moins productifs. La production de ressources brutes est un secteur o\u00f9 les investissements sont bien moins importants en recherche, d\u00e9veloppement et innovation que dans la fabrication.<\/p>\n

Les conservateurs de Stephen Harper ont fait d\u00e9vier notre \u00e9conomie vers l\u2019exportation de combustibles fossiles. Mettre tous nos \u0153ufs dans le panier des sables bitumineux n\u2019a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 une bonne politique \u00e9conomique. La chute du baril de p\u00e9trole en est un exemple manifeste. M\u00eame si le prix du baril rebondit, la menace \u00e0 la productivit\u00e9 canadienne demeure un v\u00e9ritable boulet \u00e0 notre sant\u00e9 \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0La productivit\u00e9 ce n’est pas tout, mais \u00e0 long terme c’est presque tout.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n

Paul Krugman, prix Nobel d\u2019\u00e9conomie<\/p>\n

Un nombre encore trop \u00e9lev\u00e9 de petites entreprises sont accul\u00e9es \u00e0 la faillite tandis que de grands secteurs industriels, comme le secteur manufacturier et la foresterie, luttent pour survivre. Le secteur automobile a b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9normes subventions des gouvernements provinciaux et f\u00e9d\u00e9ral pour les tirer d\u2019affaire, sans toutefois s\u2019engager \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les emplois canadiens ou \u00e0 adopter des technologies vertes.<\/p>\n

Malheureusement, les travailleuses canadiennes et les travailleurs canadiens comptent parmi les plus surcharg\u00e9s de travail dans le monde industrialis\u00e9. Un rapport du Centre canadien de politiques alternatives affirme que seuls les 10 pour cent des Canadiennes et des Canadiens les plus riches ne font pas d\u2019heures suppl\u00e9mentaires. Le rapport conclu que, bien que plus instruite et travaillant plus fort que les autres, notre g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de familles canadiennes [traduction] \u00ab \u2026 met les bouch\u00e9es doubles simplement pour conserver son niveau de vie, tandis que la moiti\u00e9 inf\u00e9rieure perd du terrain. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Il est essentiel que nous devenions beaucoup plus cr\u00e9atifs en r\u00e9duisant notre d\u00e9pendance d\u00e9mesur\u00e9e au commerce avec les \u00c9tats-Unis et que nous investissions de mani\u00e8re s\u00e9rieuse dans un programme national \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de technologies propres pour que nos prix demeurent concurrentiels et que nous restions \u00e0 l\u2019abri des sanctions. Enfin, il faut conserver nos ressources naturelles et investir plus dans l\u2019\u00e9ducation \u00e0 long terme et le perfectionnement professionnel.<\/p>\n

Cette g\u00e9n\u00e9ration pourrait tirer profit de la plus grande occasion d\u2019affaires de tous les temps \u2013 la transition vers une \u00e9conomie faible en carbone. Qu\u2019elle soit le r\u00e9sultat des plans de relance mis en branle pour sauver l\u2019\u00e9conomie de la r\u00e9cession, des co\u00fbts \u00e9lev\u00e9s de l\u2019extraction des ressources \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques ou du prix \u00e0 la baisse du p\u00e9trole, de menaces g\u00e9opolitiques strat\u00e9giques au p\u00e9trole \u00e9tranger, de la crise climatique ou d\u2019une combinaison de tous ces facteurs, la nation qui saura mobiliser ses ressources en vue de d\u00e9velopper et de commercialiser des technologies \u00e0 faible utilisation de carbone (combustibles de rechange, sources d\u2019\u00e9nergie renouvelables, meilleur rendement \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, etc.) sera en mesure de survivre et de prosp\u00e9rer.<\/p>\n

Le Canada se doit d\u2019\u00eatre ce pays.<\/p>\n

1.1\u00a0Principes directeurs d\u2019une \u00e9conomie sens\u00e9e, le plan \u00e9conomique vert<\/a>
\n1.2 Application de ces principes au processus de prise de d\u00e9cision \u00e9conomique<\/a>
\n1.3 Meilleure comptabilisation du bien-\u00eatre de la nation<\/a>
\n1.4 Imp\u00f4ts \u00e9quitables \u2013 r\u00e9formes fiscales<\/a>
\n1.5 \u00c9quilibre du budget \u2013 R\u00e9duction de la dette<\/a>
\n1.6 \u00c9liminer les subventions aux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : Fausser le march\u00e9<\/a>
\n1.7 Fiducies de revenu<\/a>
\n1.8 Travail<\/a>
\n1.9 Logiciels libres<\/a>
\n1.10 Pr\u00eats aux petites entreprises et incitatifs \u00e0 l\u2019entreprise<\/a>
\n1.11 Coop\u00e9ratives<\/a>
\n1.12 Lignes de chemin de fer \u2013 r\u00e9habiliter le r\u00eave national<\/a>
\n1.13 Transport urbain \u00e9cologique<\/a>
\n1.14 Infrastructure et collectivit\u00e9s<\/a>
\n1.15 Agriculture et aliments<\/a>
\n1.16 Organismes g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9s<\/a>
\n1.17 Les p\u00eaches<\/a>
\n1.18 Vision verte des for\u00eats<\/a>
\n1.19 D\u00e9veloppement du tourisme culturel et de l\u2019\u00e9cotourisme<\/a>
\n1.20 Mines<\/a>
\n1.21 Industrie de l\u2019\u00e9nergie : Dire non au nucl\u00e9aire<\/a><\/div>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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