{"id":7159,"date":"2012-10-24T11:13:40","date_gmt":"2012-10-24T15:13:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/elizabethmaymp.ca?p=7159"},"modified":"2021-03-01T16:21:52","modified_gmt":"2021-03-01T21:21:52","slug":"chinese-investor-lawsuits-could-cripple-canada","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elizabethmaymp.ca\/fr\/chinese-investor-lawsuits-could-cripple-canada\/","title":{"rendered":"Les investisseurs chinois pourraient paralyser le Canada"},"content":{"rendered":"

Alors que les conservateurs de Harper s’appr\u00eatent \u00e0 ratifier l\u2019Accord sur la promotion et la protection des investissements \u00e9trangers (APIE) entre le Canada et la Chine le 2 novembre prochain, un survol de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience canadienne avec d\u2019autres accords assortis de dispositions prot\u00e9geant les droits des investisseurs, notamment le chapitre 11 de l\u2019Accord de libre-\u00e9change nord-am\u00e9ricain (ALENA), devrait sonner l\u2019alarme.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Avec le chapitre 11 de l\u2019ALENA, nous avons donn\u00e9 aux grandes soci\u00e9t\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis et du Mexique le droit de nous poursuivre si elles estiment que nos lois portent pr\u00e9judice \u00e0 leurs activit\u00e9s et r\u00e9duit leur marge de profit \u00bb, a rappel\u00e9 Elizabeth May, chef du Parti vert du Canada et d\u00e9put\u00e9e de Saanich\u2014Gulf Islands. \u00ab Nous avons perdu la moiti\u00e9 des poursuites intent\u00e9es contre nous aux termes de cette disposition et nous avons pay\u00e9 cher en arbitrage et en dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats. \u00c0 pr\u00e9sent, Stephen Harper est sur le point d\u2019accorder des droits similaires aux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u2019\u00c9tat chinoises en puissance. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Depuis l\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur de l\u2019ALENA en 1994, les contribuables ont \u00e9t\u00e9 contraints de payer environ 157 millions de dollars aux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e9tatsuniennes en d\u00e9saccord avec des lois et r\u00e8glements canadiens<\/a>, et d\u2019autres dossiers n\u2019ont pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9gl\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

D\u2019apr\u00e8s un r\u00e9cent rapport de la Conf\u00e9rence des Nations Unies sur le commerce et le d\u00e9veloppement (CNUCED), le Canada figure d\u00e9j\u00e0 au sixi\u00e8me rang des nations les plus poursuivies en vertu de dispositions de r\u00e8glement des diff\u00e9rends entre un investisseur et un \u00c9tat. Pendant ce temps, des investisseurs canadiens ont engag\u00e9 au total 16 poursuites contre des \u00c9tats, habituellement les \u00c9tats-Unis, et ont perdu \u00e0 chaque fois. Ces poursuites portaient notamment sur le bois d\u2019\u0153uvre, le b\u00e9tail et l\u2019exploitation aurif\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

Il y a tout lieu de s\u2019attendre \u00e0 ce que les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s et les investisseurs chinois se pr\u00e9valent de ce droit, surtout en ce qui a trait au secteur des ressources. L\u2019APIE contient cependant certaines exemptions qui ne font pas partie de l\u2019ALENA, mais il n\u2019est pas certain que ces exemptions seront efficaces, puisque la Chine pourra toujours demander des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats si elle estime que nos mesures en mati\u00e8re d\u2019environnement ou de sant\u00e9 sont \u00ab arbitraires \u00bb ou constituent une \u00ab barri\u00e8re commerciale d\u00e9guis\u00e9e. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Contrairement aux poursuites intent\u00e9es aux termes de l\u2019ALENA ou d\u2019autres accords commerciaux, les poursuites chinoises devront demeurer secr\u00e8tes; en effet, les audiences d\u2019arbitrage et tous les documents aff\u00e9rents, \u00e0 l\u2019exception du montant des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats consentis, pourront demeurer confidentiels, \u00e0 la discr\u00e9tion du pays poursuivi devant le tribunal. Cela signifie que nous pourrions ne jamais savoir si le Canada a re\u00e7u l\u2019ordre de modifier certaines d\u00e9cisions gouvernementales.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Si des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s chinoises comme CNOOC [Chinese National Offshore Oil Corporation] font des avanc\u00e9es cruciales au Canada par le truchement de l\u2019affaire Nexen, par exemple, nous pourrions \u00eatre encore plus vuln\u00e9rables. M\u00eame les provinces, qui n\u2019auront pas voix au processus, pourraient \u00eatre tenues responsables et devoir payer des sommes importantes \u00bb, a pr\u00e9venu Mme May.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Il est int\u00e9ressant de noter que les conservateurs veulent nous obliger \u00e0 conclure un accord secret, potentiellement perfide, alors que d\u2019autres nations comme l\u2019Australie, l\u2019Inde et l\u2019Afrique du Sud abandonnent graduellement les dispositions investisseur-\u00c9tat. \u00bb<\/p>\n

L\u2019APIE a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pos\u00e9 \u00e0 la Chambre des communes en catimini le 26 septembre dernier. Les conservateurs n\u2019ont pr\u00e9vu aucun d\u00e9bat ni aucun vote. Une fois ratifi\u00e9, il liera le Canada pour un minimum de 15 ans, mais pourrait s\u2019appliquer pour les 31 ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir.<\/p>\n

Les poursuites intent\u00e9es contre le gouvernement du Canada aux termes de l\u2019ALENA comprennent notamment celles\u2011ci :<\/strong><\/p>\n

1997 \u2013 Ethyl Corporation a poursuivi le Canada pour 250 millions de dollars apr\u00e8s que ce dernier ait interdit le MMT, un additif d\u2019essence neurotoxique. Le gouvernement du Canada a lev\u00e9 l\u2019interdiction et conclu un accord \u00e0 l\u2019amiable \u00e0 la hauteur de 13 millions de dollars.<\/p>\n

1998 \u2013 S.D. Meyers Inc., une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tatsunienne d\u2019\u00e9limination des d\u00e9chets, a d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 l\u2019interdiction d\u2019exporter des d\u00e9chets contenant des BPC et poursuivi le Canada pour 20 millions de dollars. Le Canada a pay\u00e9 5 millions de dollars plus les int\u00e9r\u00eats.<\/p>\n

2007 \u2013 Mobil Investments Canada Inc. & Murphy Oil Corporation a pr\u00e9tendu que les lignes directrices con\u00e7ues pour soutenir l’effort de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement local contrevenaient \u00e0 l\u2019ALENA et poursuivi le Canada pour 65 millions de dollars. L\u2019affaire est toujours devant le tribunal.<\/p>\n

2009 \u2013 Apr\u00e8s la fermeture de la derni\u00e8re usine de p\u00e2tes et papiers d\u2019AbitibiBowater Inc., Terre\u2011Neuve a adopt\u00e9 une loi pour l\u2019obliger \u00e0 rendre certaines terres et autres actifs. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 a poursuivi le Canada \u00e0 la hauteur de 467,5 millions de dollars; le Canada a pay\u00e9 130 millions de dollars pour r\u00e9gler l\u2019affaire.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alors que les conservateurs de Harper s’appr\u00eatent \u00e0 ratifier l\u2019Accord sur la promotion et la protection des investissements \u00e9trangers (APIE) entre le Canada et la Chine le 2…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[90,11],"tags":[1533,391,1551,1530,1521,2615,571,290,1532,308,314,1531,619,294],"class_list":["post-7159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-press-releases","category-publications","tag-abitibibowater","tag-australia","tag-canada-china-investment-treaty","tag-ethyl-corporation","tag-fipa","tag-fippa","tag-foreign-investment","tag-india","tag-mobil","tag-nafta","tag-newfoundland-and-labrador","tag-s-d-meyers-inc","tag-south-africa","tag-united-states"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes investisseurs chinois pourraient paralyser le Canada | Elizabeth May<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/elizabethmaymp.ca\/fr\/chinese-investor-lawsuits-could-cripple-canada\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les investisseurs chinois pourraient paralyser le Canada | Elizabeth May\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Alors que les conservateurs de Harper s’appr\u00eatent \u00e0 ratifier l\u2019Accord sur la promotion et la protection des investissements \u00e9trangers (APIE) entre le Canada et la Chine le 2…\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/elizabethmaymp.ca\/fr\/chinese-investor-lawsuits-could-cripple-canada\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Elizabeth May\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ElizabethMayMP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2012-10-24T15:13:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-03-01T21:21:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/elizabethmaymp.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/cropped-elizabethmay-button.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Craig Cantin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@elizabethmay\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@elizabethmay\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Craig Cantin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elizabethmaymp.ca\\\/chinese-investor-lawsuits-could-cripple-canada\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elizabethmaymp.ca\\\/chinese-investor-lawsuits-could-cripple-canada\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Craig Cantin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elizabethmaymp.ca\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d3f03a762a6bc9b615b1cc303ebf0c1f\"},\"headline\":\"Les investisseurs chinois pourraient paralyser le Canada\",\"datePublished\":\"2012-10-24T15:13:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-03-01T21:21:52+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elizabethmaymp.ca\\\/chinese-investor-lawsuits-could-cripple-canada\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1396,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elizabethmaymp.ca\\\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"AbitibiBowater\",\"Australia\",\"Canada-China Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement\",\"Ethyl Corporation\",\"FIPA\",\"FIPPA\",\"Foreign Investment\",\"L'Inde\",\"Mobil\",\"ALENA\",\"Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador\",\"S.D. 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