{"id":8648,"date":"2012-12-14T12:06:24","date_gmt":"2012-12-14T17:06:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/elizabethmaymp.ca?p=8648"},"modified":"2013-02-25T12:33:00","modified_gmt":"2013-02-25T17:33:00","slug":"backgrounder-canada-climate-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elizabethmaymp.ca\/fr\/backgrounder-canada-climate-change\/","title":{"rendered":"Note d’information: Le Canada et les changements climatiques"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le Canada est tenu, en vertu de la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC) de tenir un r\u00e9pertoire de toutes les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre (GES) et de pr\u00e9senter un rapport annuel \u00e0 l\u2019ONU.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Toutes les cibles de r\u00e9duction des GES que le Canada s\u2019est fix\u00e9es correspondent \u00e0 des cibles de r\u00e9duction globales. Cela comprend la cible fix\u00e9e aux termes de Kyoto en 1997 (ratifi\u00e9e en 2002), celle qui correspond \u00e0 la \u00ab Solution canadienne\u00a0\u00bb fix\u00e9e en 2007 et celle fix\u00e9e \u00e0 Copenhague en 2009.<\/p>\n

Les cibles canadiennes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nCible<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00c9ch\u00e9ancier<\/strong><\/td>\nToutes les \u00e9missions de GES<\/strong> (M\u00a0tonnes CO2eq<\/sub>)<\/td>\nAnn\u00e9e o\u00f9 la cible fut fix\u00e9e<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Kyoto<\/td>\n6\u00a0% sous 1990<\/td>\n2008-2012<\/td>\n558<\/td>\n1997<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
La \u00ab Solution canadienne\u00a0\u00bb<\/td>\n20\u00a0% sous 2006<\/td>\n2020<\/td>\n574<\/td>\n2006<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Copenhague<\/td>\n17\u00a0% sous 2005<\/td>\n2020<\/td>\n607<\/td>\n2009<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M\u00e9thode scientifique<\/td>\n25\u00a0% sous 1990<\/td>\n2020<\/td>\n442<\/td>\n2007<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

L\u2019exemple (d\u00e9plorable) du Canada<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Lorsque le Canada a modifi\u00e9 son ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence et affaibli ses cibles, d\u2019autres pays lui ont embo\u00eet\u00e9 le pas et ont assoupli leur propre position. Pendant que le Canada insiste pour que d\u2019autres pays se donnent des cibles, nous ne respectons pas les n\u00f4tres, nous refusons de nous fixer de nouvelles cibles pour l\u2019avenir. Et on se demande pourquoi d\u2019autres pays refusent de prendre leurs responsabilit\u00e9s ?<\/p>\n

Kyoto se voulait simplement une premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape, le but ultime \u00e9tant d\u2019effectuer une transition vers une \u00e9conomie fond\u00e9e sur l’\u00e9nergie durable. T\u00f4t ou tard, nous devrons franchir la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape. La cible que nous nous sommes fix\u00e9e \u00e0 Copenhague \u00e9tait plus faible que celle de Kyoto et dix ans en retard sur l’\u00e9ch\u00e9ancier de Kyoto.<\/p>\n

Des cibles de moins en moins ambitieuses<\/strong><\/h2>\n

La cible de 2006 salu\u00e9e par le premier ministre Harper comme \u00e9tant la \u00ab Solution canadienne<\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb est pourtant consid\u00e9rablement moins ambitieuse que la pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, puisque les \u00e9missions de la nouvelle ann\u00e9e de ref\u00e9rence choisie (2006 au lieu de 1990) \u00e9taient beaucoup plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es. La \u00ab\u00a0solution canadienne\u00a0\u00bb n’\u00e9quivalait donc qu’\u00e0 des r\u00e9ductions de 2% par rapport \u00e0 1990.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 ce jour, le Canada a fourni un effort an\u00e9mique pour atteindre une quelconque cible parmi celles qu\u2019il s\u2019\u00e9tait fix\u00e9es au fil des ann\u00e9es et des gouvernements successifs. Les groupes \u00e9cologistes comme la Table ronde nationale sur l\u2019environnement et l\u2019\u00e9conomie (TRNEE) s’accordent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre que nous raterons m\u00eame la cible \u00e9dulcor\u00e9e de Copenhague. Par ailleurs, dans le projet de loi Mammouth d\u2019ex\u00e9cution budg\u00e9taire de 2012, le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral s’est empress\u00e9 de d\u00e9manteler la TRNEE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lors des n\u00e9gociations internationales de Copenhague<\/strong> en 2009, le Canada annon\u00e7ait que la \u00ab\u00a0solution canadienne\u00a0\u00bb serait abandonn\u00e9e au profit d\u2019une cible \u00e9quivalente \u00e0 celle des \u00c9tats-Unis. Toutefois, bien que la nouvelle cible des \u00c9tats-Unis repr\u00e9sente une cible plus ambitieuse pour ces derniers, pour le Canada, il s\u2019agissait encore une fois d\u2019une cible moins ambitieuse que la pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente. En effet, le Canada adoptait d\u00e9sormais l’ann\u00e9e\u00a02005 comme ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, ann\u00e9e o\u00f9 les \u00e9missions \u00e9taient encore plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es qu\u2019en 2006, soit l\u2019ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente. La cible que le Canada s\u2019est fix\u00e9e \u00e0 Copenhague (qui correspond \u00e0 une augmentation<\/strong> de 2\u00a0% par rapport aux niveaux de 1990) signifie qu’il continue \u00e0 renier ses engagements pris aux termes de Kyoto dix\u00a0ans plus t\u00f4t.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Le Canada n\u2019a pas adopt\u00e9 la cible scientifique, qui correspond \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction minimale recommand\u00e9e par le Groupe d’experts intergouvernemental sur l’\u00e9volution du climat (GIEC)<\/a> pour \u00e9viter un r\u00e9chauffement plan\u00e9taire catastrophique de + 2\u00a0\u00b0C. Paradoxalement, le Canada dit partager l’objectif de ne pas d\u00e9passer 2\u00b0C d’augmentation.<\/p>\n

Les Canadiennes et les Canadiens tromp\u00e9s<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Il est vraiment trompeur que le ministre de l\u2019Environnement ou les repr\u00e9sentants du gouvernement parlent d\u00e9sormais de r\u00e9ductions des \u00e9missions par habitant<\/em>, alors que les cibles portent sur les \u00e9missions globales<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Les \u00e9missions par habitant servent \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser des comparaisons entre les nations. Celles qui enregistrent un taux d\u2019\u00e9missions par habitant plus \u00e9lev\u00e9, comme le Canada, sont d\u2019autant plus responsables de prendre des mesures ad\u00e9quates pour lutter contre les changements climatiques.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Les \u00e9missions du Canada par personne sont trois fois plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es que celles de la France, plus du double de celles de la Chine et pr\u00e8s de vingt fois celles de l\u2019Afrique subsaharienne. Il est encourageant de voir que nos \u00e9missions par habitant commencent \u00e0 baisser, mais les \u00e9missions par personne baissent beaucoup plus rapidement en Europe et aux \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    En r\u00e9sum\u00e9, les cibles canadiennes ont souffert d\u2019un manque d\u2019ambition chronique au fil des ann\u00e9es. Nous ne sommes m\u00eame pas en voie de r\u00e9aliser la cible la plus faible que nous nous sommes donn\u00e9e. M\u00eame si les Conservateurs se voilent le visage, les Canadiens sont menac\u00e9s par les changements climatiques. Notre participation au d\u00e9r\u00e8glement du climat est consid\u00e9rable et d\u00e9mesur\u00e9e par rapport \u00e0 celle d\u2019autres pays.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Le Canada est tenu, en vertu de la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC) de tenir un r\u00e9pertoire de toutes les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1733],"tags":[46,32,488,58],"class_list":["post-8648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-backgrounder","tag-climate-change","tag-environment","tag-greenhouse-gases","tag-united-nations"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNote 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