Mr. Speaker, now that the Prime Minister has clarified, for the second time, the Der Spiegel story and has clearly said that he never asked Chancellor Merkel to remove references to the Paris accord from the G20 summit declaration, let me flip it to the affirmative and ask the Prime Minister to confirm that Canada will stand with Germany and insist that commitment to the Paris accord be in the G20 final declaration.

Justin Trudeau – Prime Minister

Mr. Speaker, yes, we will. We remain steadfastly committed to the Paris accords. Our environment minister and our government were instrumental in making sure that the Paris accords became a reality. We will continue to push for the respect and the support for Paris in the G7 communiqué, as we did, and also in the G20 coming in Hamburg.

I would like to take this moment also to congratulate the Conservative Party for recognizing that climate change is real and for supporting the Paris accords as well. It is an important moment for Canada as we see unanimously the need to move forward with real action to reduce our carbon emissions.

I look forward to hearing—

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Since the G20 for 2010 had already been planned for November in South Korea, since the Prime Minister of Canada decided to offer up Canada for a second G20 in the same year, at more or less the last minute, and since the Prime Minister decided to put it in downtown Toronto over the objections of the mayor of Toronto, what security expert dictated these decisions to the Prime Minister?

Hon. Peter MacKay: Mr. Speaker, I repeat that security issues, security matters and decisions around the G8 and G20 were made by experts, not by the Prime Minister and not by politicians. They were made in close consultation among a number of departments, including Public Safety as well as the Department of National Defence. There were preparations in place for acts of possible disruption, planned violence, civil disobedience and even for some sort of terrorist attack. Those decisions are best made by experts.

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Ard Van Leeuwen, Finance Critic for the Green Party commented, “We hope that the G20 will give the FSB the authority and financial resources to carry out their mandate of financial reform and, more importantly, the enforcement of those reforms.”

Mr. Carney has advocated the idea of placing stringent capital requirements on big banks whose failure could cripple the world financial system. There is certain to be resistance to many of the reforms the FSB is likely to propose. The Green Party believes that the ability for some ‘too big to fail’ industries to privatize their profits and socialize their losses by forcing taxpayer-backed bail-outs is a fundamental flaw in our economic model.

“I am impressed with the forthrightness of any Central Banker who acknowledges, as Mark Carney has done, that the Occupy Wall Street Protests are constructive. He’s acknowledged the frustration felt due to the continual increase of economic inequality,” said Green Leader Elizabeth May.  “We wish Mark Carney the best in his ground breaking role as the first Canadian to head up an international institution with the potential to change the game for Wall Street,”

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The UN Food and Agriculture Organization reports that almost a billion  people are going hungry, 13.6% of the world’s population, due to neglect of  agriculture, the economic crisis, and the increase in food prices, exacerbated  by climate change.

“The G20 Agriculture Minister’ meeting is an excellent  chance to coordinate regulatory changes so that we can get a grip on food price  volatility,” said May.  “We must improve our systems of producing food,  including moving toward small scale farming that takes into account soil health  and water protection.  Climate change must be front and centre, as we will only  see further negative impacts on food production due to the climate  crisis.

The Greens are supporting Oxfam’s efforts convincing Canada  to get behind proposed measures to stabilize food prices  including:

• Establishing regional emergency reserves of  food,
• Publishing information on actual and forecasted food  stocks,
• Improving regulation of commodity futures markets,  and
• Preventing food crops being used to produce  biofuel.

Oxfam reports that while Canadians spend on average about 10%  of their income on food, a family in a developing country could spent as much as  80% of their income on food.

“Access to food and fair distribution of food to people in  poverty is critical to global security,” said Elizabeth May. “Canada needs to  take a lead.”

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“The Harper government was clearly not diligent or transparent with public funds. The lack of control is reminiscent of the sponsorship scandal,” said Green Leader Elizabeth May.  “It is very troubling. Where is the accountability?”

Among the most troubling figures is that Conservative MP Tony Clement’s riding received a hefty reward of $50 million dollars, ten times more than previous summit hosts.  Mr. Clement has now been appointed President of the Treasury Board Secretariat, in charge of preventing wasteful government spending.  “This whole situation does not give Canadians much faith in our government’s ability to properly manage public monies,” said May.

Greens also want to ensure that the financial scandal is not the only issue receiving attention.  The G20-G8 still requires an inquiry into the abuse of civil liberties. “We must not allow the abuses to be swept under the carpet. We need a full inquiry into the chain of command, the routine Charter violations, how people (some pulled off commuter rail even before reaching Toronto) were left in inadequate jails without access to legal counsel or a chance to call family, for 24 hours. Protecting our rights as a country requires getting to the bottom of what happened,” said May.

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The extravagance of taxpayers’ money that was the G8/G20 summit received most of the media attention. The ‘fake lake,’ the restored steamboat in Tony Clement’s riding that is still not in the water—among various amusing and infuriating examples of pork-barrelling—will be fodder for electioneering, but far more substantive aspects of the event need to be discussed and reviewed.

These questions fall into two categories: what did the leaders actually accomplish (at a cost to Canadians of $50 million/hour), and were there options to avoid the street clashes that will be the enduring memory of Toronto last weekend?

The most substantive achievement from the G8/G20 meetings is the $5 billion maternal healthcare commitment. Canada’s contribution is generous, especially in contrast with the other donor nations. We have committed $1 billion to maternal health, or slightly less than what the summit cost. Our generosity is tainted by the Harper government’s refusal to allow our funding to include provision of safe and legal abortion services, such as are available to Canadian women, to the poorest women in the world. Nevertheless, despite this offensive and illogical stance, we must hope that the Canadian contribution of $1 billion will help alleviate suffering and improve health services.

Efforts to confront the problem presented by financial institutions which rely on being viewed as ‘too big to fail’— but never ‘too big to bail out’—were something of a wash. Those nations committed to create a tax on banks will proceed individually.

The larger potential for a tax such as that envisioned by the late James Tobin, Nobel Laureate in Economics, to reduce the destabilization of currencies through speculative trading was only noted as deserving further study. The Green Party fully supports the Tobin Tax as well as regulation to ensure banks maintain an embedded capital contingency fund. Such a fund would essentially require them to ‘bail themselves out’ without turning to the taxpayers.

Deficit reduction became the big story, with G20 leaders agreeing that developed countries will cut their deficits by half by 2013. The instability in global markets, the risk that the recession is not over, may lead the world leaders to re-think the rigidity of this commitment. Certainly, we would not want deficit reduction to result in greater recessionary trends and serious cuts in social programmes around the world. Unemployment is still worryingly high in many countries. We, in Canada, have been spared the worst of the recession, largely thanks to the fact our banks were denied the ability to ‘go global’ when former Prime Minister Jean Chretien rejected their requests for mergers in the 1990s. Mr Harper likes to take credit for our superior banking system, and conveniently forgets that he agreed with the banks in their bid to merge and engage in the same global financial risky behaviour of the Big Boys, like Goldman Sachs and Lehman Brothers.

Some world leaders have argued that more stimulus is needed to address persistent unemployment. Certainly, for Canada, we should move to reduce the deficit as soon as possible. We should not proceed with further corporate tax cuts. I presented the Green deficit reduction plan in January to the Parliamentary Budget Officer. We were the first party to do so, and we remain the only opposition party to have worked up detailed approaches to deficit reduction and shared them with the PBO.

We can also cut in certain areas where growth in budgets has increased deficits. Chief among these globally has been military spending. In the last ten years we have seen a 50% increase in military budgets up to a worldwide total of $1.5 trillion (US$). This increase in military spending is a big part of the reason our deficits have grown; however, not one word was uttered at the G20 about cutting military budgets as a means of reducing deficits.

Nearly invisible in G20 reports was the new nuclear trade deal brokered between India and Canada. I was certain this move violated the Nuclear Non-Proliferation treaty, and contacted our former Ambassador for Disarmament, former senator and MP, the Honourable Doug Roche, OC for comment. He had this to say: ‘The Canada-India nuclear trade deal bypasses the fact that Canada is prohibited under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty from entering into nuclear commerce with non- NPT parties, in this case India. Instead of throwing its weight behind the gathering movement in the world for a Nuclear Weapons Convention, which would be a treaty banning all nuclear weapons, Canada has chosen to expand its commercial interests through the weakening of its disarmament efforts.’

This deal is all the more galling in that in 1974 India violated the requirements in Canada’s 1956 gift of a nuclear research reactor by using spent fuel to build a nuclear weapon. Former Minister David Emerson, in re-opening talks with India, said ‘India’s been in the penalty box long enough.’ Now, the Harper government has moved Canada into the penalty box alongside India as a nation undermining non-proliferation goals.

Lastly, and perhaps most disappointing, is the absolute lack of progress on the climate crisis. The one silver lining is that climate was mentioned at all, given the Harper government’s efforts to keep it off the agenda. Nevertheless, this communique has the weakest, least helpful climate language from either the G8 or G20 since the late 1970s. It does nothing to create momentum for the Cancun negotiations in late November-early December. Let us hope that the South Korea meeting can do better. That nation’s top diplomat, UN Secretary General Ban Ki- Moon, is certainly aware and committed to global climate action and may assist the host government in making up for ground lost in Toronto.

The second aspect of the G20 that bears mention is the questions raised by the huge costs of security and the acts of vandalism on the streets of Toronto. My sense, although I was not present at the G20, was that the police themselves were extremely restrained and performed well under pressure. Still, the orders from the top need to be reviewed. Why were police told to allow vandalism, without interference or arrest, but to charge and arrest people who were non-violent? The practices employed by the Toronto police, creating cordons and ‘sweeping the streets,’ appear very similar to those of the London police in last year’s G20, which resulted in false arrests and charges of police brutality in the UK. One year later, charges are being dropped as UK juries have found alleged provocateurs to be innocent bystanders caught up in the melée. Can we learn lessons from the over-militarized approach to security and the possibility that such displays of militarized force increase the risk of violent clashes? Can we learn from the Toronto Summit and provide advice to other governments of the best way forward to balance the needs for freedom of expression, protection of private and public property, and security for the leaders themselves?

Due to the serious allegations of unacceptable erosion of civil liberties connected with the summit, the Green Party has called for a public inquiry. Canadians deserve to know why the summit cost so much, accomplished so little and left an impression of Toronto as a war zone. Perhaps there were no alternatives once world leaders were invited. For the future of us all, we have to hope that there are indeed acceptable alternatives.

Elizabeth May is leader of the Green Party of Canada and has participated in G8 summits, both the official and Peoples’ Summits, since 1995.

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This June, Canada is hosting both the G-8 and the G- 20. 2010 is a critical year for these meetings. In the wake of the failure in Copenhagen, we desperately need to make progress on the climate crisis. As climate events exert themselves globally, we are already experiencing crop failures, exacerbating a growing food crisis.

At the 2005 summit at Gleneagles, Scotland, the G-8 committed to alleviate poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. Our due date on those promises is 2010. The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) are due for completion in 2015 and are not on target. The increasing numbers of extreme weather events threaten the fragile progress in development. Poverty, climate, and food security are inter- related and they are not receiving adequate attention or resources. Maternal and child health, the host country’s named lead issue, is one of the MDG and, like the others, languishing for lack of resources.

Many commentators have gone as far as questioning the value of these summit meetings. Security concerns increasingly drive them to ever more remote locations. Witness that in 1981, Trudeau welcomed world leaders to Montreal, in 1988 Mulroney hosted sessions in Toronto, in 1995 Chretien held successful meetings in Halifax, but by 2002, the G-8 retreated to less accessible Kananaskis Country in Alberta. Prime Minister Harper has chosen Huntsville, Ontario. The cost of security for the meeting really does demand that something useful be accomplished.

It is in a climate of scepticism that Canada is again host. And Canada’s government’s parochial approach to issues is already causing diplomatic waves. For the first time since the last 1980s, Canada has opted not to hold a pre- meeting of the G-8 Environment Ministers.

Climate is on the agenda in a minor way, and only because the other G-8 leaders insisted. Tragically for the task of developing a global consensus on climate, Canada has decreed that climate change will not be on the G-20 agenda at all. Member countries have begun to ask out loud, ‘Can the host country really control the agenda to such an unhelpful extent?’

President of the European Union Commission, Jose Manuel Barroso, urged Canada to act on climate change, saying, ‘In Europe, we believe, according to science, that there is a real threat to our survival as a civilization. And for the future of our planet and the quality of life of our children … I think we have to move.’

And two weeks ago, United Nations Secretary General Ban-ki Moon came to Canada and urged that the Prime Minister stop blocking the inclusion of climate change for the G20 agenda. He also chastised Canada for failure to even try to meet Kyoto targets.

Meanwhile, the Canadian approach—shades of George W Bush—to reproductive health services as an aspect of maternal and child health has created unhealthy divisions among allies. US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton made clear, as did the UK, that any package of measures to improve women’s health must include access to a full range of contraception and family planning, including safe and legal abortions. It seems the Canadian government chose this theme with an eye to domestic political advantage, ‘softening’ the Prime Minister’s image and hoping to close the gender gap in his support base. This distortion of the agenda for maternal health by opposing the inclusion of funding for legal abortions has been attacked in the eminent medical journal, The Lancet.

These efforts have been rebuffed by Prime Minister Harper. In a carefully scripted session with university students, and hosted by Conservative Senator Mike Duffy, Mr Harper proclaimed that the only issue of importance for the summits is the economy. He termed all the other issues, including the climate crisis, ‘side-issues’.

International meetings of this importance should not be designed for a narrow domestic political agenda by the host government. Canada is in the big league here. Real issues are pressing and no world leader has time to come to Canada to watch people eat seal meat. This is not the time to play to a local audience. This is the time for leadership. If Canada refuses to play this role—shuts down discussions on climate and twists the urgent MDGs for a public relations message at home—the world will remember time in Canada as time wasted.

And, we all know, on climate, we have no time to waste.

Elizabeth May is leader of the Green Party of Canada and a candidate in Saanich Gulf Islands.

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